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surface lift
A surface lift is a means of cable transport and is a transportation system used to transport skiers and snowboarders where riders remain on the ground as they are pulled uphill. Once prevalent, they have since been overtaken in popularity by higher capacity aerial lifts) like chairlifts and the gondola lift. Today, surface lifts are most often found on beginner slopes and very small ski areas.〔 〕 Surface lifts have many disadvantages compared to aerial lifts: they require more passenger skills, surface must be continuous, impede skiable terrain, slow speed, and limited capacity. With the increase in snowboarding, surface lifts are replaced by chair lifts. They can still be found in glacier skiing resorts because their supports can be anchored in glacier ice thanks to the lower forces.
== History ==
A steam-powered toboggan tow, 950 feet long, was built in Truckee, California in 1910. The first skier-specific tow in North America was apparently installed in 1933 by Alec Foster at Shawbridge in the Laurentians outside Montreal, Quebec.〔(ISHA resources ) ''Timeline of Important Ski History Dates''〕
The Shawbridge tow was quickly copied at Woodstock, Vermont in New England in 1934 by Bob and Betty Royce, proprietors of the White Cupboard Inn. Their tow was driven by the rear wheel of a Ford Model A. Wallace "Bunny" Bertram took it over for the second season, improved the operation, renamed it from ''Ski-Way'' to ''Ski Tow'', and eventually moved it to what became the eastern fringe of Vermont's major southern ski areas, a regional resort still operating as Suicide Six. Their relative simplicity made tows widespread and contributed to an explosion of the sport in the United States and Europe. Before tows, only people willing to walk uphill could ski. Suddenly relatively unathletic people could participate, greatly increasing the appeal of the sport. Within five years, more than 100 tow ropes were operating in North America.〔http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/Ski_tow/〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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